Liquid crystal-based actuators

Liquid crystal polymer networks (LCNs) have a great potential in soft actuator technologies. In contrast to other materials, LCNs offer wide range of external stimuli which can trigger their actuation. These are for example based on changes temperature, photo-induced or via the application electric fields. We here discuss main LCN actuation mechanisms and classify them into several groups used stimulus. Specific recent examples provided liquid actuators general applications such materials connection exemplary outlined.